Fuel Cells and its efficiency based on different materials and their configuration in Automobile Industry for Enhanced Efficiency, and Sustainability

Abstract

This study provides a review of Fuel cells and its materials combined applications in automotive industry. The research focuses on analyzing the modified proton exchange membrane cell design featuring two valves. The results showed several improvements over the traditional single-inlet/single-outlet designs.

Firstly, the dual-inlet system allowed for more uniform and smooth distribution of hydrogen and oxygen gases inside the cell, resulting in the reduction of concentration losses and improving electrochemical reaction rates, inside the cell. This configuration enhanced water and heat removal, which helped in maintain optimal operating temperatures and conditions, resulting in minimized risk of flooding in the membrane. This configuration resulted in a noticeable increase in overall cell efficiency, with improved power output under both steady and dynamic load conditions.

Secondly, the study focused on impact of using advanced, corrosion-resistant materials for bipolar plates and membranes. These materials can show better thermal stability and chemical stability, inside the cell, mainly under high humidity and temperature environments. The modified fuel cell showed a gradual increase in operational lifespan of cell and reduced performance degradation over time.

In general, the combination of both structural configuration and good material selection for cell proved effective, increasing both the efficiency and durability of the fuel cell system. These findings suggest that a dual-inlet/outlet design, with high-performance materials having good properties, are strong potential for future applications in automotive and energy systems.